Teenagers & Unprotected Sex

Shavado  Smith English 017 Teenagers  &  Unprotected Sex In a hyper-sexualized  society that  continues to thrive as each day passes, the thought of unprotected sex has lost the shock value it once possessed. It is now considered normal to hear teenagers bragging about not only their conquests but the unprotected sex they are having. â€Å"She let me go in raw† or â€Å"I told him not to use a condom† are just a couple of the phrases one can hear when listening to these conversations.Unprotected sex  as it relates to teenagers  has become a big problem in the world today  for  two main reasons which are  lack  of education  and  lack of  concern. Many are simply unaware of all the choices available in regards to protection for safe sex. There are vast options for both males and females that allow them to engage in healthy, safe sex. As a result of unprotected sex, there are increasing numbers of unplanned pregnancies and increased  frequenc y  of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among teenagers.Lack of education is the primary cause of unprotected sex among teenagers. Not receiving adequate education  can be the fault of  both the  parents  and  the individual. Teenagers  often receive flawed information about safe sex from popular culture and their peers but almost always never from credible sources such as their parents, or the counseling department of their school. These misguided, ignorant teens then make poor decisions that can have detrimental, long-lasting effects on their lives.I have a friend who became a mother at the tender age of 17 because she was having unprotected sex; the reason she was having unprotected sex was because she thought that the â€Å"pull out† method (which is when the male ‘pulls out’ out of the vagina before ejaculation) would work. She was unaware to the fact that no doctor considers this method to be very effective because semen can leak out of the tip of the penis. Consequently, her decision to have unprotected sex led to her having to unnecessarily take on an adult responsibility.Another factor that results in unprotected sex is unpreparedness; some  teenagers  are aware of unprotected sex, its  lethal  effects and what should be done to avoid these effects but do not take the necessary steps to avoid these problems. Sometimes it is because they are irresponsible, but it can also occur when they act in the moment and take a chance, risking their lives and that of their partner. Statistics have proven that more than half of sexually active teenagers have participated in  sexual activity even though they were unprepared to have safe sex.Nonchalance towards this  serious matter is a reason why so many teenagers are not being responsible and having safe sex. The predominant effects of unprotected sex by teenagers are unplanned pregnancies and an increased risk of being a victim of a sexually transmitted disease. An unplanned pregnancy has an explicit correlation to unprotected sex. According to an article Teenhelp. com statistics show that our ‘neighbor’,  the United States of America, has approximately 820,000 teenagers become  pregnant each year with 80% of them being unintended pregnancies.In simpler terms, a little over 650,000 pregnancies are unplanned, a direct result of unprotected sex(Author Unknown). Another effect of unprotected sex is the increase number of cases with sexually transmitted diseases. Failure to have safe sex can leaves teenagers prone to STDs such as gonorrhea, chlamydia and syphilis. Unfortunately, some can even contract the deadly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Many teenagers escape this horrible fate but come into contact with at least one STD if they are having unprotected sex.Furthermore, contrary to popular belief, STDs can be contracted without penetration of the vagina by the penis. T his fact  lends to the cause of unprotected sex which is ignorance. Many teenagers are unaware of this fact and believe that they cannot contract STDs through other types of sex such oral or anal, however this not true. STDs can be  transmitted through sexual activity that involves the vagina, the penis, the anus and  the mouth. It is clear that there are direct correlations between the causes and effects of unprotected sex among teenagers.Statistics, professional opinion  and personal experience all support this statement. Teenagers who lack proper sexual education are more likely to experience these effects than those who are educated. The same applies for teenagers who are more concerned about their sexual well-being; if they take the necessary steps to ensure they always have safe sex or at the very least, limit the number of times they have unprotected sex, their chances of experiencing the effects of unprotected sex are decreased.It is my belief that failure to expose teenagers to more sex education in schools and at home will only compound the current problem. Teenagers should be comfortable to ask sex-related questions because sexual intercourse is a natural occurrence that can be wonderful and have no repercussions when handled properly and maturely. Unprotected sex among teenagers is an epidemic that is becoming a global problem. There is not a country that is not dealing with teenagers becoming not only sexually active at a young age, but also being uneducated and unprepared.The causes and effects of unprotected sex among teenagers is a problem that must be dealt with and swiftly! When will we begin to take this on growing pandemonium seriously? We currently have an abundance of adolescents and pre-teens that are  having unprotected sex and becoming mothers/fathers and/or being infected from STDs? I can only hope that the causes of unprotected sex among teenagers are taken more seriously and precautions are  taken so that one day we will be able to live in a world free of â€Å"mistakes† which is in correlation with unplanned pregnancies and contracting STI’s.

Difference Between Korea and America

Recently Weston-McEwen High School has added a new foreign-exchange student. Her name is Soyeong Lee and she is 16 years of age with a birth date of April 7th who came from Yongin, Korea which is an urban area and has a similar climate to Athena, Oregon. This decision was made because her school teacher and parents recommended Soyeong to expand her knowledge by experiencing the American culture.The main reason for the decision was her ambition to learn the language while being here in which she studied for years in Korea; she said,† I struggled with the language at first, but now that I’m here it is a lot easier. † Soyeong has made many friends while attending Weston-McEwen High School, and stated,† The students are very kind. † One of Soyeong’s scariest or weirdest memories here was having a dream where American people she met here spoke Korean.The Froese family chose Soyeong to be her hosts while she’s in America. There are many differen ces between the United States and Korea. Some of the biggest differences include: students in Korea attending school from eight in the morning to ten-o’clock at night, having almost no transportation except riding a lot of busses and taxis, teenagers not being able to drive until they are 20 years old, not being able to own a separate house (unless one is really wealthy) and living in apartments due to population.Soyeong said that the schooling is very different and is taken more seriously. They also have to wear school uniforms and are not allowed to dye their hair or wear make-up. Being away from Korea may sound better to Americans, but Soyeong misses the food, family, and friends as she stated, â€Å"The food here is saltier and greasy†. Obviously this is a huge change for Soyeong, but she likes it here too. Most public schools in the United States allow students to wear make-up and dye their hair.Koreans attend school seven more hours than Weston-McEwen High School and that is Soyeong’s favorite part about being here is having time to actually do activities. Soyeong’s main goal is to learn the full English language and make her understanding of the country better. Soyeong Lee will be attending Weston-McEwen High School until December of 2013 and plans on coming back as an adult to attend a private school in Los Angeles. We all hope your experience is great!

Jim Jarmusch: Reflecting the History of Independent Films in America Essay

Films, just like people, possess colorful history. Its origin can be rooted as early as 1860s when devices to capture motion pictures were invented. The year 1888 marked the making of the world’s earliest film—the Roundhay Garden Scene—by Louis Le Prince. But early filmmakers felt no contentment in silent and black-and-white films. Thus, the succeeding movies slowly gained narratives, followed later on by musical scores, inserted with sound effects, and then became colored. However, the evolution of film never ended there. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, another milestone in filmmaking took place—the birth of independent films. One of the most- acclaimed and popular indie film directors in the United States who made a great impact during that time is Jim Jarmusch. Until now, his films are regarded, not only in America but also in European and Asian countries, as some of the finest independent films ever made. His life and works became an inspiration and model for other filmmakers and film critics, which probably caused Juan Suarez’ to write his biography. About the Book Jim Jarmusch ( Contemporary Film Directors), the title of Juan Suarez’ book, in a biographical sketch of the American director Jim Jarmusch, not merely narrating the latter’s life, influences, works, and achievements, but analyzing as well the content and themes of his films by relating them to history and socio-political issues present during these films were created. Summary: A Stranger Here Myself The introductory paragraphs of the book talk about the salient characteristics of Jim Jarmusch’s films. Jarmusch is known for his unique style— emphasizing slow- movements, minimalistic space, characters’ exploration, intimate scenes, cynical humor, blank effect, and art cinema during 1960s to 1970s. His characters are often distant from the spectators, alone and aloof, but not necessarily sad or tragic. His plots, on the other hand, are based more on non- dramatic situations rather than on conflicts. In addition, Jarmusch focuses on the visual and aural aspects of film. Meanwhile, the themes of Jarmusch movies are based on postmodern politics, specifically on issues of transients and immigrants. He is also fascinated in exploring ethnicity, nationality, and social classes. Juan Suarez then enumerates his objectives in writing the book. First is to analyze what makes Jim Jarmusch’s films distinct, and second is to analyze those films in a larger context, separate from the director, using them in understanding historical developments, such as the New York vanguards, rock n’ roll, punk, hip hop, Beat literature, postwar art and cinemas, structural films, European surrealism and others. Akron/ The Cinematheque/ Lightning over Water This particular section discusses about the early life and works of Jim Jarmursh, as well as his early influences. The above keywords—Akron, The Cinematheque, and Lightning over Water—all played a vital role in his life. Jarmusch was born in Akron, Ohio in 1953, which by then is an important industrial point. Here, he was immensely exposed to rock n’ roll, radio DJ’s, and cars that eventually became appeared in his films. After studying college in Columbia, he went to Paris where he was exposed to Henri Langlois, founder of the art gallery Cinematheque. Langlois was also one of Jarmusch’s influences and who was known for his participation in the French New Wave. When he went back, Jarmusch enrolled at New York University where he was appointed as a student assistant to Nicholas Ray. With this, Jarmusch was exposed in Ray’s ongoing film The Lightning over Water. Right after this, Jarmusch made his first film, Permanent Vacation. His early influences were reflected in this particular work—â€Å" classical American cinema, European art, and downtown experimental culture † ( Suarez, p. 9). Downtown Post-Pop The section tackles downtown New York being a topic in Jarmusch’s films, particularly during the mid-1970s and early 1980s. Experimental art during such times was still a combination of pop, minimalism, and performance; experimental cinema, on one hand, focused more on narratives and social contextualization. In addition, Suarez included in this section the status of experimental art in various fields, as well as the people concerned (i. e. The Kitchen). Punk The author particularly discusses in this section Jirmusch’s contribution in the blurring of boundaries between experimental art and mass art. His made his works through the punk or new wave culture, particularly focusing on the role of music. Punk filmmakers introduced again the use and role of content in experimental films by utilizing â€Å" pastiched film noir, thrillers, exploitation and television serials † (Suarez, p. 17). Most of these films were rooted on the themes tackling trash culture and rock n’ roll: the 1960s underground. Venues of these films, on the other hand, were taken inside downtown clubs such as Mudd, Club 57, and Max’s Kansas City. With the loud sound offered by the nightclubs, experimental films became known for the following characteristics: encouraging spectators to be distracted by loud music, dancing, drinking, and socializing, rather than to be in full concentration when viewing. Similarly, the characters were mostly punk musicians such as John Lurie, leader of Lounge Lizard, for the film The Offenders. Jim Jarmusch, in fact, was a member of the band Del Byzanteens. Pretty Vacant Although Jarmusch tried to disconnect punk scenes from his films Permanent Vacation and Stranger than Paradise, he nevertheless acknowledged the influence of punk culture in his filmmaking. Permanent Vacation was made possible through the money granted to him by the Louis B. Mayer Foundation. Because of its length, the film was turned down when Jarmusch presented it as his graduation project. The movie explores the life of Allie, â€Å" a tourist on a permanent vacation † (Suarez, p. 21). The story was told in first-person point- of- view. Allie was recounting his remaining days in New York before leaving for Paris. Here, he narrated his intentions for his girlfriend Leila, visited his mother Ruth who is in psychiatric hospital, met several friends and acquaintances, and stole a car. The movie is said to be an early manifestation of Jirmusch’s navigation towards magic realism that will be evident in his future films, infusing fantasies and dreamlike features in the story. For example, Allie first speech was: â€Å" I can’t get any sleep†¦I have my dreams while I am awake. † ( Suarez, p. 22). This statement clearly shows the blurring of reality and dreams in the said film. Even the music used in this particular film was somehow eerie and creepy, composed mainly of Javanese gamelan music. In addition, most scenes were static takes and focused on minimalistic details. This style presented in the Permanent Vacation is truly characterized by Jirmusch’s unique way of blending minimalism, stories of outsiders, downtown themes, and â€Å" stylized narratives that subtly blend the real and the unreal †(Suarez, p. 27). Work Cited Suarez, Juan Antonio. Jim Jarmusch Contemporary Film Directors. USA: University of Illinois Press, 2007

Personal Commitment to Respecting Cultural Differences and Avoiding Essay

Personal Commitment to Respecting Cultural Differences and Avoiding Cultural Bias - Essay Example In their discussion of the role of culture in individual behavior, Tillman and Kirkpatrick (1972) argue that the culture explains variance in human behavior. Culture is defined by Tillman and Kirkpatrick (1972) as the set of concepts to which a common valence is attached by a large number of individuals. So a certain individual's values reflect the goals and valences of that person's culture. Therefore, since consumer trust has been noted as a concept of individual behavior above, it becomes important to understand the values of that culture. Culture is the sum total of capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society, encompassing their knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, and customs. Multicultural education is derived from the classical term "Intercultural Education" that began in the late 1920's with the premise of: "the acknowledgement of the diverse population of the United States, and the intent to help students understand the world and the American society in which they live" through education of the ethnic backgrounds and cultural variances of immigrant populations being educated in the United States (Volk p 3 1998). This developed towards the current definition as 'Multicultural Education" through 1970's as educators formed the belief that understanding the values and variances of culture would assist in educating children. Multicultural education should therefore support the concepts of culture as part of the educational curriculum. It seeks to support and extend on the learned behaviours of culture that define the variances between human social structures. While this can be viewed as an ambiguous and intrinsic concepts, there are also physical characteristics of culture that can be implemented into the education structure, such as symbols, heroes (stories) and rituals. Furthermore, multicultural education can not stop simple at the value of culture, it also encompasses concepts such as language, social class (poor vs. rich), disability and gender with the conviction that multicultural education is a strategy wherein the cultural heritage of each child is valued. The concept of multicultural education is to take the components of culture, incorporate the differences of people, and implement an educative curriculum that a celebration and experience of who we are, as individuals and as society. Effect of Cultures on Multicultural Education Martinez (2006) found that teachers and high school students believe that embracing diversity is important because it leads to social justice. Martinez concludes that for students, diversity was referred to the ways in which students differ from each other, including gender, age, ethnicity, race, religion,

Financial Economic Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial Economic - Case Study Example C) The choice getting 10000Kr in this coming September could resolve the exchange rate issue. In case of the other option to get paid in September and February have equal chances of gain and loss. So I will get the money in September and will keep that till the end of First so that I can get the 4% interest from the US bank. I will repeat the same for the following year. So for the first year I will get 1040$ and the next year it depends on the exchange rate. In case if the exchange rate increases say, 12Kr/$. I can convert the dollars to Sweden Kr. So that if I can put that amount in bank and I can get interest from the Sweden Bank. And If exchange rate found to decrease say 10Kr/$ then I will convert the Kr to dollars. The only risk in this type is in case after converting the dollars to Kr if the exchange rate Kr/$ does not decrease that could be a loss. But thinking in terms of interest from the Sweden bank could compensate the loss.

The impact that the increasing concern of how alcohol consumption Research Paper

The impact that the increasing concern of how alcohol consumption affects the rate of interpersonal violence has had on biologis - Research Paper Example The second category includes offences where the alcohol consumption is considered to have played a part such as the offender being under the alcohol’s influence at the time of offense. Some offences usually committed by individuals under alcohol influence include criminal damage, interpersonal violence, assault, etc. (Institute of Alcohol Studies 3). It has been found that the use of drugs and alcohol by young people institutes lots of risks such as academic, personal, safety, health, relationships and the danger of getting addicted. However, one of the most important risks is the association between drugs, alcohol and crime. In fact, millions of people each year are victims of alcohol or drug related crime, admitting millions of youngsters. Around 600,000 students, of ages between 18 and 24, are attacked by another intoxicated student. Among the campus crimes, around 95% involve the consumption of alcohol by the assaulter or the victim, or both. Moreover, 90% of associate sex ual assault and rape on campus involve the consumption of alcohol by the assaulter or the victim, or both. This paper is more focused on the trend of alcohol consumption within Finland; therefore most details will include the research on Finns with regards to alcohol consumption. ... Around 1,500 individuals are noticed to die due to an ailment associated with alcohol consumption, and around 1,000 individuals die due to violence and accidents as a result of alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption is more common among the young population (Karlsson et al. 498–508). For the past twenty years, various societal changes have regulated the Finnish alcohol discipline. Three most prominent changes include the forceful economic upswing that occurred in the last years of 1980s, as Finland went through a serious economic recession in the early 1990s. Similarly Finland united with the European Union (EU) in January 1995, which presumed a novel Alcohol Act. The epoch of sixty years of extensive alcohol monopoly arrangement was ended by this Act, but Alko, the state owned alcohol monopoly, still remained with its exclusive right of off-premise sale as a retailer. Moreover, in January 2004, the traveler’s import quotas for alcohol were abandoned from the other EU members, while in March the excise duties on alcohol were declined and then Estonia was made an EU member in May of the same year (Karlsson et al. 497). Significant tax changes in the excise duties on alcohol, the easily accessibility of alcoholic beverages as well as the alterations to alcohol administration had influenced greatly the alcohol policy in Finland (Karlsson et al. 507). Nowadays the social acceptableness of intoxication is diminishing amongst the youth of Finland along with the increased severity of legal penalties for drunk driving. Finns, however, still have repute for weekend tear drinking. Generally, the harmful results of alcohol addiction are divided into chronic and acute effects. Accidents that are caused by single drinking occasions are included in acute harmful effects,

Policies of Sustainable Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Policies of Sustainable Development - Essay Example As the paper stressesthe Nepal’s policy principles entail varying aspects that are all aimed at various different aspects. First, the Nepal water policy is decentralized with the minor policies contributing to the major policy but not contradicting the major policy. The Nepal Water Resource conservation strategies have the objective of sustainability, and the only way Nepal aims to sustain the existence of their water resources is by allowing participatory leadership in the policies involving water services. This case study has noted Nepal as a nation with sustainable policies regarding the use of water resources. In most cases, policies that cover wider geographic areas have a huge probability of failures. The United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) policies, for instance, cover most nations of the world. What the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development does not understand is that even though globalization has brought a great similarity to the way people undertake tasks, people rarely detach themselves from their own cultures. The use of water resources is considered as a diverse aspect of many cultures. It is therefore effective to create policies that are relevant to the target population.  The major source of electric power as of today in the United States is water.   It is, therefore, inevitable that major policies had to be enacted to protect the huge number of American citizens from running out of this precious resource.     

Spanking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Spanking - Essay Example Human beings develop or grow by observing the surroundings and so they are called as social animals. Children at young age don't have that much understanding to differentiate between genders or elderly people, teachers, family members and friends are the easiest scapegoats. The beginning of spanking may start from people surrounding the child start interfering in their matter and trying to alter their thoughts and at the same time molding them in a way what their parent or guardians need their wards to grow. This noble effort may be a good weapon to blend their children into a multi-talent adolescent, but it may have serious consequences if the child is already preoccupied by thoughts of his own. At this time if someone tries to interfere with their thoughts and intentions, emotions that may burst paving a way of spanking whoever tries to bother them. "When children mould their behavior as ways to avoid pain, they are likely to end up as self-centered and selfish adults." (McCord, 832). Children at tender age can't differentiate between teaching and strict discipline. Their lies a very thin line between teaching and discipline. If the child experiences this he/she may get disturbed and may get averse to the situations and will react unruly. The greatesThe greatest responsibility of molding a child depends on parents, teachers, etc. Students are the building blocks of the society. Teachers should be well versed in their subject, learnt and should have enchanting character which should influence the child to imitate their teachers. One of the reasons for children and adolescents is suspected weakness in themselves or in others. They try to cover up their weaknesses by aggressive behavior and showing the power personally. Effects of Spanking Spanking has diversified and serious effects on adolescents and adults. The effects of spanking have long-standing issues and may stretch thought life span. Short term or long-term spanking tend to have serious mental difficulties on adults. Adults who continue to spank get into serious troubles and commit crimes like, marital violence, child abuse etc. "Even non-abusive spanking, which is accepted as justifiable, appears to be ineffective in changing child behavior." (Larzelere, 824). It also affects the cordial relationship between the family members and friends. As it develops an adult may use more sophisticated form of bullying either directly or indirectly. It has shades of sexually harassing men and women to an adult where if sexually also reported even to moral policies. Adults who continue to spanking tend to become more sophisticated and gets associated with peer groups forming organized social structures with differentiating codes of behavior targeting women and children for personal collective needs.Boys and girls who continue to be spanked and bullied end up getting in to romantic relationships and affairs before marriage and extra marital affairs after marriage. Which effects their relationship and may end up getting divorced through court of law are may get separated with out getting divorced.The

Puerto Rico History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Puerto Rico History - Essay Example The most significant among such encounters were the wars fought between Spanish territorial invaders and Americans (History). The continual aggression of these forces resulted in the slow elimination of Tainos culture by the end of 16th century. By the end of 19th century, the continually fought Spanish-American wars concluded with Americans claiming the control of Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico). The control of Puerto Rico by Americans started bringing considerable changes to the socio-economic and political conditions of Puerto Ricans. The stage was set for modernization and started creating a congenial atmosphere of American commercial growth plans. The initial step in this direction was rationalization of currency of Puerto Rico(Puerto Rico). The development and implementation of uniform polices for the government employees which included stipulated working hours of eight hours a day, along with the enforcement of freedom of assembly, speech, press and religion. In addition, steps to improve the educational system was initiated by starting public school and extended the US postal service to this island (Puerto Rico). The better transportation was planned, highways extended and bridges constructed across major rivers and canals to enhance the development. The better health care systems started reducing the child mortality rates and controlled various endemic diseases. The period also showed creation of new political parties - Republican Party and American Federal party (Puerto Rico). In order to get more democratic rights a new political party called Nationalist party was founded in the year 1922 (History). Being more politically aggressive, Nationalist party started intensifying its protests by boycotting the various collective political exercises. This resulted in distancing the party from the existing authorities. This led to the incident

Christian view Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Christian view - Essay Example The process of creation of the world is described in the Book of Genesis. It features main elements, like Days of Creation, as well as aftermath such as life of Adam and Eve. However, this text also has some important implications for the contemporary Christians. Thus, it was argued that â€Å"the notion that humanity has the â€Å"responsibility† to exercise care over the earth from its higher position often results not so much in â€Å"stewardship† that guards the earth as in domination and exploitation† (Chopp and Taylor 6). Indeed, other than being the most perfect creature, a human being is a creature with â€Å"responsibility†. Some might go as far as saying that the concept of the Original Sin should be focused on exclusively on eating the fruits of the forbidden tree, but rather on abandoning the above mentioned â€Å"responsibility†.Creation and the TrinityAs it often happens in the Bible some earlier parts of it are related to the later on e. In other words, the Bible is a set of interconnected books, though they were written in different times. That is why some scholars point that there is a strong relationship between Genesis which is the first book of the Bible and the doctrine of Trinity which is something that appeared much later. For example, it is explained that â€Å"Creator, Redeemer, and Sustainer [the Three Persons of the Holy Trinity]†¦ these terms refer †¦ to God’s relations with the creation† (Hanson 42). In other words, one of the characteristic features of God the Father was the creation of the world.

Media Effects on School Shooting Victims Essay Example for Free

Media Effects on School Shooting Victims Essay The participants of this study were students of Jokela High School, the school which experienced the shooting, and a control group of students from Pirkkala High school, which had not experienced a shooting. Jokela High School, at the time, had 474 students enrolled. All 474 of these students were asked to partake in the study. Participation in this study was voluntary and of the 474 students, 231 accepted the invitation to participate in the study, 180 students declined, 34 students could not be reached and 29 students consented to participate but never did. 526 students agreed to participate in the study from the control group school, Pirkkala High School. The participants were a mixture of both male and female students ranging from ages 13 to 19 years of age. Large portions of the families of the students from Pirkkala belong to the upper middle-class compared to Jokela, but there were no major differences in sociocultural background or crime rate between the two communities. The data in this study was collected by dispensing a questionnaire in a school setting in March of 2008. If a student was absent from school the questionnaire was mailed home along with the consent forms. The questionnaire started out asking basic background questions, such as socioeconomic status, living arrangements, previous psychological support or exposure to shootings. Next, students were asked to take a 36-item General Health Questionnaire to measure psychological and psychosocial symptoms. Students were also asked to complete The Impact of Event Scale to map symptoms into two categories, Intrusion and Avoidance. Students were then asked to rate their exposure to the shooter as either no exposure (control students), mild, moderate, significant, severe, and extreme. Each of these categories had descriptions to help the student choose the right option that applied to them. Lastly, students were asked questions about the media’s interactions with them. They were asked if the media interacted with them after the shooting, if they cooperated with the media, if the questions had an effect on their feelings after the shooting, and how the reporter approached them. Then they were asked if they followed the news coverage on the event over the next couple days and what type of effect the coverage had on their feelings.

The Impossibility in the Quest for Adventure Essay Example for Free

The Impossibility in the Quest for Adventure Essay Growing up in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, James Joyce experienced the hardships plaguing Irish society first-hand. Born just forty years after the Great Famine, he frequently heard about the mass suffering that killed over a million of the Irish people. This suffering continued even decades later as his family lived in dire poverty and constant struggle. To escape such harsh and stifling conditions, Joyce spent much of his youth wandering the streets of Dublin. As a result, many of his struggles and realizations mirror the struggles and realizations of the characters in his short stories. In Eveline and A Little Cloud, Joyce emphasizes the futility he found in the quest for adventure in order to escape reality. In his short story Eveline, Joyce illustrates the impossibility of escaping from the harsh realities of a difficult home situation and an abusive father. Joyce describes how even though Eveline was nineteen, she sometimes felt herself in danger of her fathers violence(33). However, not only is she physically in danger but she is also emotionally suffocated by her difficult and restricted life. For example, she has to give all of her wages to her father, keep the house together, and watch over her two younger siblings. This suffocation exists throughout the story, through the image of the dusty cretonne. Joyce describes how Eveline would [lean] her head against the window curtain, inhaling the odor of the dusty cretonne(35). Symbolically, Eveline is suffocated by her feelings of nostalgia and obligation to stay home and fulfill her domestic duties. She thinks about running off with her lover Frank to Buenos Ayres to escape this stifled environment and make her happier and more fulfilled. At the same time, however, she constantly struggles with the idea of leaving home. Joyce emphasizes the impossibility of escape throughout the story as Eveline [weighs] each side of the questions(32). She notes that on one hand, leaving home would mean she would leave the people she had known her whole life and would also prevent her fulfilling the promise she had made to her dead mother to stay. She also worried about what people would say if she ran away with Frank. However, only a few sentences later, she expresses her desire to travel to a distant unknown country where she would be married and where people would treat her with respect(33). Evelines conflict climaxes at the end of the story when she cant bring herself to board the ship to Buenos Ayres with Frank. Joyce describes how all the seas of the world tumbled about her heart and how Frank would drown her(36). Just as the dusty cretonne of her home situation is suffocating, Evelines quest for adventure and escape from that situation make her feel as if she is drowning. In both cases she emblematically cannot breathe. In the end, her nostalgia, promise to her mother, and her fear of the unknown that prevent her from fulfilling her quest for adventure and relieving her from her everyday struggles. Little Chandler in Joyces short story A Little Cloud has a similar epiphany. He too is lured to the quest for adventure but eventually realizes the futility in his pursuit. His desire to escape from the ordinariness of his life is first seen when he meets with his old friend Ignatius Gallaher who has traveled the world and become a successful journalist. As Gallaher talks about his experiences, Little Chandler reflects on what stood in his way of becoming what he wanted to be in life-a poet. He comments that he was sure that he could do something better than his friend had ever done, or could ever do yet he questions what stood in his way. After he returns home he thinks more about Gallehers adventures and compares them to what he sees as his dull existence. For example, as he looks at a picture of his wife he notes that the composure of [her] eyes irritated and repelled him. He also notices that they had no passion, especially when compared to the rich Jewesses that Gallaher had described so vividly. Little Chandler noted how their dark, oriental eyes were so full of passion and asked himself why had he married the eyes in the photograph?(81). At this point, Little Chandlers desire for adventure is seen most clearly. He asks himself could he not escape from his little house? Was it too late for him to try to live bravely like Gallaher?(81). As he holds his child in his arms his question is answered; he realizes that his quest is hopeless. As the child cries, the poems that Little Chandler had been reading become less and less auditable. The poems, written by a romantic Irish poet, seem to represent the possibility for Little Chandler to escape. As the childs cries take over the poetry, reality also takes over the possibility of adventure and escape for Little Chandler. He now realizes that he is in fact a prisoner for life(82).

Exploring Characteristics Of Leaders

Exploring Characteristics Of Leaders There is Malay proverb said that kalau guru kencingberdiri, muridkencingberlari. Its mean that when the teacher shows the student bad attitude or anything, the student does it even more worst. As people know teacher is one of the example of a leader. Leader is the one who are guiding or directing others toward a common goal, show the way by some examples, and create an environment where other team members feel actively involved in the process. People who being a leader or willing to, usually they will been through some step and or process. Besides, there are also few characters that should be in person who willing or want to be a leader. One thing in common must have in leader is desire. The desires they have are to make promises of the life the ability to precise them copiously and without restrictions. There is a time a smooth as Ralph Waldo Emerson once spewed his words, that person is only half of himself or she, the other half is they expressions. Because of his word, a leader is born with copiously on the other side look is self-expression. Its needed because it can bear the essence of leadership. Most of the concept and skill need to make the leader able to express their copiously means that the leader know who are they, what their strengths and weakness are. Besides that, they also must know how to fully deploy your strengths and compensate for their own excess and weakness. In that way they might know what their need, they want, and also the way to communicate to people, in order to gain the cooperation and support from people. The entire leader must know how to set and achieve their own goal. Its because th e result they get from what they aiming might affect the people around them. They need to learn how to understand ones self, people and the world to learn and gain more experience. CHARACTERISTIC A leader not a boss of the team but, rather people who are committed to the mission Venture. There is some characteristics of a strong leader might have in each of them:- Good listener They should be a good listener not on only for the personal problem of each of the group member. But they also must be the good listener for group member during the decision making, especially during meeting. It is because the teammates might have good decision to make changes in for the group. By keeping mind open, the leader can come up with many ways to accomplish the goal. Focused The leader and their group must remind to keep on venture for the goals and mission. If they keep on stay together, hand in hand and keep concentration on what they aim, they wont get out from the track and the teammate will stay motivated and be productive to achieve the target. As a leader in the group, its theyre role to arrange the schedule in the term of time. Organized Team member can be motivated by a leader who is also organized. Its mean that the leader can set the tone for the team to make the group member be more motivated. Available At the time, most of the leader will be busy with their responsible. However, in any circumstances leader must find the time to communicate of interact with their team. One way to do this is to set the frequent group of meeting. From this way leader can prevent from the problem that the group might be exist. Include Others The worst thing for leader do is do all the job or tasks. Leader should not do the entire job because it might prevent the leader venture from growing beside of poor use of time. As an alternative, leader should work with one of the teammates and learn to representative the responsibility at the same time being aware of everyones interests, goals, and strengths. Decisive Beside of listening to other people, sometime leader cant be able to compromise because of term and condition that might be face in the future. However, even this thing might be happen, leader must afraid or hesitate to make final decision even some of the team member wont agree with the decision that will be make. Confident It is the most important character that must be in the leader. The teammate can believe the leader because of the leader believing them. Dedicated, intelligent and proud of what of hat are they doing from inner and outside look must be in them also to make sure the teammates wont doubt to believe the leader. EXAMPLE OF LEADER There are many of people born with blood of leader but of them are not. However, for those who are not born with the leader blood, most of them dont stop and stare. The example of good leader is a leader thats not tyrant. Usually good leader always encourage the team member to follow and to work effectively. The leader who are in effect typically dont demand, instead they encourage. A few leaders had born in Malaysia. Namely Abdul Rahman, Abdul Razak, Hussein Onn, Mahathir Mohamad, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, and NajibRazak. For this task, I will take the last prophet of Islam, named Muhammad ibnu Abdullah. About Muhammad Muhammad ibnu Abdullah is the name. He had known as Muhammad. He was born on 20th of April in the year of elephant, 12 Rabiulawal according to Islamic calendar. Based on holy Quran, he accepted he accepted his revelation on August 16th, 610 century, same as Ramadan 17th and it is surah Al-Alaq. Once he accepts, he officially appointed as a prophet when he was in the age of 40 years old and 6 month. After he accepted, he runs the propaganda in two ways, in confidentially in 3 years. Thenhe runs it openly. During the open propaganda was running, resistance from the pagans until he felt very disappointed and make him migrated Mecca to Medina. Then, the migration bear result, he succeed build country which been respected and sovereign. He had deemed as the best example as in the moral that have thought from the holy Quran. The Leadership of Muhammad. He has been a leader in almost all category of life such as political leader, religion, economy planner, chief judge, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ He was appointed as leader because of his leadership qualities that apparently. One of his leadership qualities is Shidiq in Arabic, its means truth in English. Because every action or decision that make by the leader is to achieve of being high quality leadership. In Arabic can be trusted means Mandate. Since he was young, he was called as Al-Amin (mandate) because he always can be trusted. Even a pagan recognizes about his honesty and mandate. Can people imagine during his time ifhe cant be trust how the world now? Intelligent is also one of the leadership characteristic in him, its meanfathonah in Arabic. A leader must be intelligent in almost everything to have a good management. Last but not listed, anchor or in Arabic call it as tablig. In addition to the three attributes mentioned previously, a leader must know how to perform, communicate and interact to people with all the good that has been taken like the way Muhammad do. Besides, the people of Muhammad must understand and fathom about how important the bounty is and how the influence of him to the people. CONCLUSION. In the simplest and the small scale, we are the leader of ourselves. Lets take the story of other people who are experience more about life as example, inspiration and role model as well to become a better person and good, high quality of leadership.

My Service Learning Experience :: Community Service, Volunteer Work

I wanted to volunteer at an animal shelter since I am majoring in Pre-Vet, but at the last moment, I decided to do something very different. I chose to student teach first graders at County Elementary. It is very surprising to me that I chose to do this. I always said that I hated kids and had no desire to ever work with them I even said I would never give birth to any kids because I hated them so much. The thing is that I actually enjoyed my experience very much. I chose this activity because I wanted to try something different that I thought I wouldn't like. The teacher that I did this volunteer work for was my 1st grade teacher at County Elementary when I went to school there in 2000. The reason that I hate kids so much is because had a really bad experience with them. In the summer of last year I baby-sat these kids across the street from me that moved here from New York. They were the kids from hell. They were so annoying, and ungrateful. For instance they always asked me to buy them Taco Bell, and when I did, they would say, "why did you buy me this?", or "I want more, you better buy me more." I hated them. I was so stressed from them that I would cry at night. I really didn't want to baby-sit them anymore but I felt bad if I said no. So I thought I couldn't judge all kids on those three. I had to give others a chance, and didn't want to give up on having kids. I did many fun and exciting things while I was working with these kids at County Elementary. The first day Mrs. Aiken introduced me. She said, " Boys and girls this is Taysha, and I was her teacher when she was your age." They were all in awe. They couldn't believe that I had her as a teacher. The first kid I helped was a black girl named Shontele. I helped her with her math work and reading. I taught her to group thins in Math when you are adding or subtracting. For example: Say you have ten subtract three. I told her to put ten into groups of five, then cross out three, and count how many there was left. She enjoyed that and thought it was now much easier to do her Math.

The EMU and the Euro :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movement towards the European Monetary Union and the creation of the euro lasted many years, complete with key personalities and major governmental treaties. When finally organized and implemented, it lead to a historical event that will forever change international economics. Of course with a change this tremendous comes the good and the bad, but if the economic welfare of the people is improved, everything was worth all the hassle.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   HISTORY OF THE MOVEMENT  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The beginnings of the movement for European monetary unification go back at least to the founding of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (which then became the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD) in 1948. One of the OECC’s first accomplishments was the European Payments Union, established in 1950 and accomplished by the end of 1958, where the nations of Western Europe put their international reserves together and coordinated their policies with the intent of reestablishing current account convertibility.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1962 the Commission of the European Communities produced its first plan for a monetary union, which included a deadline for completion of nine years. Obviously, this deadline was a little overambitious for a group of countries whose only collective achievements had been the European Coal and Steel Community, an atomic energy community (Euratom), a customs union (the European Economic Community), and the Common Agricultural Policy of farm-product subsidization. The only accomplishment of the 1962 effort was a Committee of Central Bank Governors which was set up in 1964 but did not actually operate until the 1970s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the Hague Summit in 1969, European governments delegated a committee headed by Pierre Werner, then Prime Minister of Luxembourg, to devise a new plan. The Werner Report, finished in 1970, called for monetary unification within ten years. The plan scheduled a transition to happen in stages. In the first stage, exchange rate fluctuations would be limited, and governments would start to integrate their monetary and fiscal policies. In the second stage, exchange rate variability and price discrepancies would be further reduced. In the third stage, exchange rates would be fixed permanently, capital controls removed, and an European Community(EC) system of central banks (somewhat modeled on the U.S. Federal Reserve System) would take control of the monetary policies of the member nations. The size of the EC budget would be greatly increased and the EC would coordinate national tax and spending programs. The makers of the Werner Report were not attached to a single cu rrency.

Suffragist Movement in America Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Pa

Suffragist Movement in America On July 14, 1848, the American women’s suffrage movement was born. Lucretia Mott, Martha C. Wright, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Mary Ann McClintock decided to call a meeting on that day at the Wesleyan Methodist Chapel in Seneca Falls; they discussed women's rights at what became known as the Seneca Falls Convention. Within this female discussion panel, the women historically announced through the â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions† the beginning of their movement to win women the right to vote in political elections. American women demanded suffrage because they believed that it was the most crucial characteristic of full-citizenship. The underlying implication for this demand was that the women believed in the existence of their inalienable rights. When exercised, these natural rights maintain that women â€Å"should enjoy individual rights of self-government, rather than relying on indirect civic participation as the mothers, sisters, or daughters of male voters† (Pleck 1). Furthermore, woman suffrage asserted that women have the right to choose their own representatives. Guaranteeing women’s enfranchisement was difficult because of the approval women had to win from a male electorate that viewed the movement as ridiculous. Scores of men believed that women were in no way suited to take on the responsibility of voting. In fact, it was expected of many anti-suffragists and even respected psychologists to assume that the women who fought for suffrage were mentally ill. H.W. Frink believed that â€Å"a certain proportion of the†¦suffragists are neurotics who in some instances are compensating for masculine trends, in others, are more or less succ... ...men eventually received nationwide suffrage through a constitutional amendment, which was ratified by the states in August 1920. In the end American woman were granted the right to vote because of their significant participation during World War I. Annotation Movement Divisions. http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~mcevoy/movement.html. 16 November 2002. This website focused on the division that arose within the women’s suffrage movement and how the movement ended to win women the right to vote. Goldstein-LeVande, Meredith. Women’s Suffrage Introduction. http://www.history.rochester.edu/class/suffrage/home.htm. 16 November 2002. This website documented anti-suffragist sentiments. Pleck, Elizabeth H. Women’s Suffrage. http://gi.grolier.com/presidents/ea/side/wsffrg.html. 16 November 2002. This website is a worldwide overview of women’s struggle for suffrage.

Reflection paper on date rape for Human Sexuality Essay

There are many sad stories of girls who have been violated by someone that they know. They almost all begin with a wonderful night and eventually get taken advantage of. The woman in the situation may feel as though she asked for it. The male may feel as though she didn’t say no, so if I do this I am doing nothing wrong. It is horrifying to me how many times this has happened to a woman. The number of times it happens to women is the most significant thing about date rape to me, because I didn’t realize that it happened so much. I think knowing this will help me to watch out for things around me a little better and make my trust level go down even further. I think all women need to watch out for themselves in sketchy situations. If she or I feel uncomfortable then she or I should try to avoid the situation before it is too late, if possible. This isn’t always as easy as it sounds though. There have been quite a few times that I was in situations where potentially very bad things could have happened to me and out of pure luck they didn’t. I am usually a very trusting person, but the past couple of years I’ve been having to rethink that and become more of an untrusting person to try to protect myself. Men take their strong, masculine image and use it to their advantage. They may try to use guilt, lies, alcohol, and/or aggressiveness to get a girl to have sex with them. If she declines and he still continues to have sex with her, then he is committing a crime. The worst part is that girls don’t really know who to trust or not to trust. It’s a very scary world in which we live. I wish the world was different and it was ok to trust everyone especially the people you are close to, but since it’s not I have to be really careful when choosing who I will trust.

North Coast Town Essay

Robert Gray’s North Coast Town is a poem that shows how Australia is becoming more influenced by America and how the world is filled with artificiality. He presents us with a detailed description of the town which reflects his views on the changing nature of Australia. The poem takes on the persona of a hitchhiker without any money. The first stanza talks about how the persona gets up in the morning after sleeping on the beach. The use of descriptive language creates a visual image for the reader, â€Å"a Shell station (with their Men’s locked),† The symbol of that petrol station is of a shell yet it’s devoid of any authenticity towards a natural shell signifying an artificial world. The craze of rock n roll in America made it’s way to Australia and having the same â€Å"greasy Fifties pompadourâ€Å" hairstyle like Elvis Presley’s was considered popular. The use of imagery in the fourth stanza creates a visual image of the typical 50’s hairstyle for the reader. This represents the superficiality and America’s strong influence on Australia’s identity. The use of alliteration in the fifth stanza, â€Å"stucco†¦ sea shells† evokes a stronger sense of the town’s lack of depth through its exaggerated decorations. Gray suggests that the town has lost its individuality, everything is borrowed from foreign cultures. The use of metaphor, â€Å"They’re making California†, highlights the fact that Australia idolizes America and are therefore strongly influenced by them. As the persona hitches a ride, he comes to see various superficial sides of the place. The idea of Americanisation is incorporated through the visual image of the â€Å"pink ‘Tropicana motel†. It reveals the town’s pathetic attempt at imitating America. This represents the town people’s desperation to make money off of tourists. The â€Å"image flaps in shop fronts† also symbolizes the hopeless replicas everywhere. The town’s imitation of America is further enforced through use of verbs. â€Å"We pass bulldozed acres. † This signifies the increase of urbanization within the settlement as their way of â€Å"making California†. In this poem, Gray utilizes various poetic techniques to show perspective on the artificiality and the influences of America corrupting the town.

Theory of Occupational Therapy

OT is the art (because it is very individualized) and science of enabling engagment in everyday living, through occupation; of enabling people to perform the occupations that foster healsth and well-being; and of enabling a just and inclusive society (things that are done to advocate on their behalf in world of education, funding etc. ) so that lal peopl emay participate to their potential in the dialy occupations of life.OT is the art (because it is very individualized) and science of enabling engagment in everyday living, through occupation; of enabling people to perform the occupations that foster healsth and well-being; and of enabling a just and inclusive society (things that are done to advocate on their behalf in world of education, funding etc. ) so that lal peopl emay participate to their potential in the dialy occupations of life.Theory of Ocupational Therapy OT is very client- centered: how the individual defines the activity is what is important Hisotry of OT Early 1900s: there was a shift toward understanding that it was important to be healthy and happy- started mostly in mental health (started in mental asylems with occupational aids) realized that when there were given jobs and were meaningfullly occupied they got better quickerDunton 1919: occupation is as necessary to life as food and drink; every human being should have both physical and mental occupations; all should have occupations which they engoy, or hobbies; sick minds, sick bodies and sick souls may be healthed thru occupation – thus ocupation was defined as both the domain of concern and the theapeutic medium of occupational therapyWWI: Diversional therapy: to divert attention away from injury and illness The war lsted much longer – so many more disbled than had anticipated, found that diverting attention away from their physial problems really helped them War-aids: the early Ots, helped adapt activities for soldiers to participate in society (worked mostly with individu als who had a loss of limb) 0s- 90s: Therapeutic shift : curative potential of actibities not occupation Enablement of meaningful occupation: focus on occupational roles in society First Canadian occupational therapy guidelines on client-centred practice did not refer to occupation – but rather to the â€Å"therapeutic use of activity’ Present: focusing on enablement of meaningful occupation: focus on occupational roles in society – not just about giving people something to doOccupation Groups of activities and tasks of everydy life, named, organized and given meaning by individuals and a culture, It iseverything people do to occupy themselves, including looking after themselves (self-care0, enjouing life (leisure), and contributing to the social and economic fabric of their communities (productivity) Shows that it is more than work – they are human activities or tasks organized to fulfil a particular function OccupationGroups of activities and tasks of everydy life, named, organized and given meaning by individuals and a culture, It iseverything people do to occupy themselves, including looking after themselves (self-care0, enjouing life (leisure), and contributing to the social and economic fabric of their communities (productivity) Shows that it is more than work – they are human activities or tasks organized to fulfil a particular function Definitions Enabling occupation:OT is necessary when solutions to engagement in the occupations of everyday living become a challenge, or are at risk of becoming a challenge; when solutions to performing or engaging in desired occupations become difficult Collaborating with people to choose, organize and perform occupations which people find useful or meaningful in a given environment Engage: doing or participating, draw into, involve others, involve oneself, becomes occupiedTask: set of purposeful activities in which a person engages i. e writing a report Activity: basic unit of a tas k, singular pursuit that contributes to the completion of a task Occupation is braoder than either of these as it encompasses more than one task, while tasks encompass more than one activity Key Features of Occupations: 1) Affects Health 2) organize time and brings structure to life 3) brings meaning to life ) are idiosyncratic – very individualized occupations can also be maladaptive- risky, unhealthy, illegal and illicit – eg. Smoking Basic Human Need Dundons credo about occupation demonstrates how occupation is a basic human need Occupations provide people with a flow experience: demands of an occuption are in harmony with the skills of the person and the environment in which the occupation is performed Determinants of HealthHealth is viewed as more than the absence of disease and is infuenced by what people do in everyday life In 20th century occupation was discovered to have a motivating effect on wonded soldiers coming home from war Alma Ata Declaration of Health for All by the Year 2000 made clear that health depends on people having meaninful occupations which provide them with housing, empoyment, community and enjoymentSource of meaning Psychological motivation and volition are dependent on people finding meaning in the occupations that comprise their everyday life The meaning of an occupation is individual and culturally determined Meaning differs from purpose in occupation – can be meaninful to person/ group without any identifiable purpose Source of PurposeThere is no universal classification of the purpose of occupation Canadian therapist defined 3 main purposes 1) self care, 2) productivity, and 3) leisure But it is relly determined by individual needs and desires within an environmental context Athough classification is arbitrary it offs a convenient and manageable way of explaing occupation to clients, professionals , also helps prompt Ots to think about the full range of occupations in a life Source of Choice and Control C ontrol is more than choice.People may make choices about their occupations but have little control to act on choices. There is an element of personal control when people show persistence or find creative ways of following up on their choices. Contol is dependent on opportunities provided by the environment Source of Balance and Satisfaction Balance refers to the pattern of occupation over days or years Personal views of balance are influenced by cultrual and other environmental expectations Descriptor Occupation can be used as a descriptor of hman behaviours to provide new perspectivesabout occupation Occupational: . Behaviour: aspect or class of human action that encompasses mental and physical doing 2. Competence: adequacy or sufficency in an occupational skill, meeting all requirements of an environment 3. Dvelopmetn: gradual change in occupational behaviour over time, resulting from the growth and maturation of the individual in interaction with the environment 4. Performance: t he actual execution or carrying out of an occupation 5. Function: usual or required occupations of an individual Person * Believe in worth of all persons – holistic view New Canadian Model of Occupational Performance presents the person as integrated whole who incorporatses spirituality, social and cultural experiences, and observable occupational performance Spirituality (uniquely and truly human) * Has always been important in canadian OT – early badge that Ots ware depicted inegration of mind, body and spirtit * Recognizes inrinsic value and respecting their beliefs, values and goals, regardless of ability, age or other characteristics – * Consideration of S is a way of developing a clear appreciation for the uniqueness of each person in the occupational therapist-person relationshipPerformance * OT has traditionally attended to the performacne components which contribute to successful engagement in occupation * 3 performance componants include: 1. affective: the domain that comprises social and emotional functions and includes both interpersonal and intrapersonal factors 2. cognitive (thinking): the domain that comprises all mental functions both cognitive and intellectual, and includes, among other things, perception, concentration memory etc 3. physical (doing: the domain that comprises all seonsory, motor and sensorimotor functions occupational performance the result of a dynamic relationship between eprsons, environment and occupation * refers to the ability to choose and satisfactorily perform meaninful occupations that are cultrually defined, and appropriate for looking after one’s self, enjoying life, and contributing to the social ad economic fabric in a community * represents the actual execution or carrying out of occupation and is the experience of a person engaged in ocupation within an environment * person-environment congruence suggests the interdependence f humans and environment – this helps ensure optimal occupational performanceOccupational Life Course: A developmental Perspective * An enlarging spiral diagram shows ones cumulative experience in occupational performance grows over time, even if the number and diversity of occupations diminishes because of aging, disability, enviro, etc. * Occupational development may result in increasing complexity in some occupations but not thers; development of self-care occupations may advance more quickly than development in productivity occupations; or leisure may be omitted when self care and productivity are overwhelming Client Centred Practice: Theme of being client centred in OT emerged in the early 1980s * CC practice refers to collaborative appraochs aimed t enabling occupation with clients who may be individuals, gorups, agencies, governments, corporations or others. Ots demonstrate respect for clients, involve clients indecision making, adocate with and for clients in meeting clients’ needs, and otherwise recognize clients†™ experience and knowledge CC practice refers to collaborative appraochs aimed t enabling occupation with clients who may be individuals, gorups, agencies, governments, corporations or others.Ots demonstrate respect for clients, involve clients indecision making, adocate with and for clients in meeting clients’ needs, and otherwise recognize clients’ experience and knowledge Started to emerge in the 1940s-mid 1960s – started in social work * Underlying theme is recognition of the autonomy of the indiviudal person even though persons are understood to be interdependent in their environment * It represents an ethical stance by occupational therapists based on democratic ideas of empowerment and justiceClient: individuals who may have occupational problems arising from medical conditions, transitional difficulties, or environmental barriesr, or clients may be organizations hat influence the occupational performance of particular groups or populations Translated i nto practice through proccess of enablement: clients are participents in occupational therapy Recognizes that people are active participants in occupational performance, whereas teatment and caregiving forms of helping are applied to people who are dependent on their helperEnabling: refers to processes of facilitating, guiding, coaching, educating, prompting, listening, reflecting, encouraging, or otherwise collaborating with people so that individuals, groups and agencies or organizations have the means and opportnity to participate in shaing their own lives. Guiding Principles for Enabling Occupation in Client-centred Practice * Base practive on client values, meaning and choice as much as possible * Listen to clients visions * Facilitaite processes for clients envisioning what might be possible * Support clients to examine risks/ consequences Support them to succeed, but also to risk and fail * Respect their own syles of coping or bringing about change * Guide clients to identify needs from their own perspective * Facilitiate clients to choose outcomes that they define as meaninful even if OT doesnt agree * Encourage and actively facilitate clients to participate in decision-making partnership in tharpy, programme planning, and policy formation * Provide info that will answer clients questions in making choices * Offer services that do not overwhelm clients with beuraucracy * Foster open, clear communication Invite them to use their strengths and natural cummunity supports CMOP-E Canadian Model of Ocupational Performance and Engagemet Occupational performance is the relationship between persons, enviro and ocuupation over persons lifespan It refers to the ability to choose, organize, and satisfacotily perform meaningful occupations that are culturally defined and age appropriate for looking after ones’s self, enjoying life, and contribuint to the social and economic fabric of a community The CMOP graphically illustrates an occupational thereapy persp ective on the dynamic relationship between persons, environment and occupation of all ersons Occupation occurs between person and environment Everytime you see a new client you need to think about all the different parts of the * Person – (inner circle) The person in the middle converys Ots cient-cenred perspective, attends to the individuals occupational needs in his/her specific environment * spirituality (drive- essence) , * physical (strength, ROM, paralysis) * cognitive * affective (mood, mental health side) * Occupation (middle circle) * Selfcare * Productivity * Leisure * Environment (idea that occupation occurs in an environment) (outer circle) * Social Cultural (stigma based on religious view etc. – culture of university/ family) * Institutional (policies, guidelines and practices about what can/can’t do) * Physical (accessibility) Back to first example: Competence- actual or potential ability to engage in occupation * Ex. If you arent a good cook you t end to do other things (frozen/ other person cooks) tend to not continue to do things that you arent good at Deprivation: prevented from taking part in occupation * Very important Development: gradual change in occupational behaviour How do people shape and evolve into the occupational couse of their lives Identity: how you see yourself related to occupational roles * Big part of how we see ourselves Pattern: predictable way of doing occupation PRACTICE Client vs. patient * Individuals are routinely called patients because they need to be taken care of (mainly in acute care) not a lot of choice in decision making Client-centred Practice In OT because you take into consideration what is important to YOU * Collaborative relationship with clients * Clients as active participants in therapy * Client is at the centre of practice Respect for client wishes, goals, and differences Occupational Issues: Clearly distinct from symptoms – not depression, cognition etc Occupational issues BECAUSE of the health issue ‘challenges to occupational engagment†¦ ex/ if you have left sided weakness an occupational issue may be writing, dressing Occupational Performance Issue: Someone with a head injury where there is no physical change – but could be difference in organization Prioritizing OPIs If someone has a head injury and you make a list of all the things you are wondering about – and they confirm that they are effecting them – then you have to prioritize How do you prioritize Find out what is really important to the client * What is safe * Limitations †¢ 35 female Karen married with 2 kids aged 6 and 3 teaches JK, has SCI, uses manual wheelchair ? 10 Possible OPIs? †¢ Child Care ? †¢ Cooking? †¢ Active playing with Kids? †¢ Driving to work? †¢ Changing baby diapers? †¢ Intimacy with Spouse ? †¢ Cleaning ? †¢ Transfers? †¢ Hygiene ? †¢ Social Activities Limited ? o 2 Priority OPIs? â € ¢ Child Care? †¢ Hygiene ? o Treatment for OPIs Using Occupation/Activity ? †¢ Child Care ? Policy change to increase social support? †¢ Hygiene? Shower Seat

How far did Stalin’s social policies change

How far did Stalin's social policies change the lives of women and children In the years to 1945? Following Stalin's succession to power in 1929, once again, Russia was transformed. As part of Socialism In One Country, Stalin focussed his intentions internally. This involved the notorious industrialisation and collectivisation drives which were intended to reform the economy. Nevertheless, do so, Stalin realised he would have to create a more ordered and disciplined society.Consequently, as part of the Revolution from Above and what was deemed by Sheila Fitzpatrick as the â€Å"great etreat†, where Stalin turned away from the policies of his predecessor, Stalin embarked on numerous social policies which focussed on the reforms of education and family life. Consequently, Stalin's legislation on the one hand, changed the lives of countless Soviet women and children. Nevertheless, it is also argued that his policies were no similar to previous social legislation under the Tsar an d Lenin.Consequently the extent of change and the significance of Stalins policies remains in Following the Russian revolution, Lenin assumed the Premiership of question. Russia and redefined the social polices experienced by women and children. In terms of policies which affected women and the family, Lenin was comparatively Liberal compared to Tsarist Russia. He considered traditional marriage to be slavery, economic and sexual exploitation. Robert Service has argued that as a result, official spokesmen began to urge wives to refuse to give â€Å"automatic obedience to husbands. Lenin went against previously traditional conservative policy and legalised divorce as well as abortion. Lenin attempted to free women from their domestic roles under Tsarism by requisitioning large scale provision of facilities such as canteens, laundries and cr ©ches as party of what is argued by Corin and Fiehn as the â€Å"socialisation of domestic services. † Although, In retrospect, this po licy was unaffordable, costing well over the national budget and consequently, the socialisation was not universal, reducing overall change.Nevertheless, Lenin did Implement legislation previously unthinkable to allow free love. as well as the creation the Zhenotdel, which gave opportunity for the first time for women to be involved in the running of the state. Additionally, Lenin reformed the education ystem which ultimately Impacted heavily on children. Lenin focussed on an industrial education which made use of apprenticeship schemes, but to the detriment of a broad education. Yet, also as part of his liberalising of once Tsarist Russia, he took the power to discipline away from teachers and scrapped the examination and homework methods of education.He also denounced all university lectures as members of the bourgeoisie and members of a hostile class in the education was more liberal than anything previous children had ever seen. Under Stalin, the changing of social policies and their effect on women were numerous. Stalin as part of industrialisation put greater emphasis on Job opportunities for women, by 1940 for example, nearly 41% of heavy industry workers were women. Although, in retrospect, women were still underpaid, receiving only 60-65% of a mans salary in the same Job, reducing overall change.Nevertheless, in contrast to Lenin and Tsarist Russia, Stalin put even greater focus on educational opportunities for women, increasing places for the number of women in colleges and universities. Although, again, these courses were purely focussed on industry, reducing overall change from Lenin. Although, as part of urbanisation, women btained greater opportunities to work in agriculture and by 1945, 80% of workers on the collectives were female. Stalin also placed even greater emphasis on propaganda compared to Lenin and employed the Stakhanov spirit in the female working environment to ensure maximum potential.Women also saw greater opportunities to serve i n the armed forces and by 1945, half a million Soviet Women had served. However, Stalin did abolish the Zhenotdel, formed under Lenin, reducing women's ability to be involved in the running of the state once again, as under Tsarism, reducing the breath of change in overall opportunity. Additionally, Lynch argues that he increase in women into the armed forces, whilst increased their equality, increased their likelihood of â€Å"mistreatment† and â€Å"sexual abuse†, especially by senior officers.This bears similarity to pre-Leninism where abuse of women was commonplace, reducing overall significance of Stalin's social policies effect on changing the lives of women for the better. Although, the state under Stalin compensated the abuse of women in the home itself by introducing a series of social polices which championed the revival of marriage. For example, the state now promoted marriage, legalising wedding rings which had previously been made illegal nder Lenin. Stali n in contrast to Lenin who legalised divorce, limited the availability to end a marriage.This has the effect of reducing the number of women and children becoming impoverished, under Lenin and his policy of free love. Women and children would no longer be left to fend for themselves if a husband chose to divorce. Local Party officials would in addition seek out any husbands who absconded from their marital obligations ensuring this change would be successful and significant. Women were also encouraged more to increase their reproductivity. This was due to greater amounts of women in work as part of industrialisation.Stalin introduced incentives to women with a certain amount of children-7 would gain 2,0000 roubles per year for 5 consecutive years. However, this increased the likelihood of pressure being put on women from their male counterparts to terminate their babies as had been the case when Lenin previously legalised abortion, suggesting a reduction in overall change for the be tter. Although, Stalin did put in place laws to punish such offence with two years imprisonment and made termination illegal.However, ultimately the banning of abortion was an infringement on civil liberties, similar to that of Tsarism, reducing verall change. Additionally, Stalin reverted back to the traditional role of the women in the home. Whilst his changes meant they could work and could receive state support and were compensated by his promotion of the Women's Activists Movement their own family as a â€Å"good Communist† should rather than socialise the entire family as Lenin argued. Stalin therefore reverted back to the traditional view of the purpose of women. He however, gave them two roles.Essentially, as Geoffrey Hosking argues â€Å"the fruits of female emancipation became the building blocks of the Stalinists neopatriarchal society. In terms of Stalins social policies and it's effects on children for the better, they are arguably of less significance. Whilst S talin continued to run the education system via the state as Lenin condoned, Stalin controlled the education of children to a precedent unseen before. Stalin condoned the more extensive regulation of education in order to shape the next younger generation of society, whom could be easily influenced, into the Communist way of thinking.This was seen most notably in 1935, when Stalin brought the original Tsars Imperial Academy, or Soviets Academy of Sciences under direct state control forcing ersonnel to produce work only in line with Stalinist views. Stalin also reintroduced discipline into children's lives, giving power back to teachers which had previously been taken away under Lenin. He also further tightened the regulations imposed on children in terms of appearance, such as school uniforms, to surpass Lenin's attempts to create a truly egalitarian society.Stalin also changed the material in lessons, introducing a new curriculum in 1935 which was created by the state which was acc ompanied by State prescribed textbooks through which children would now earn; a valuable method in the influencing of the next generation of socialists. Although, in retrospect, it could be argued that state influence in children's education was not a vast change. Lenin himself had requisitioned a book entitled A Brief History of Russia by Bolshevik Pokrovsky which was acquired as the Soviet School Text Book. Although, state influence in education under Lenin was rather in terms of class struggle.Stalin changed this to an overall insight into the positive age of the Russian past, focussing on fgures such as Peter the Great. He also made it compulsory along ith homework and exams to in fact go to school. Whereas Lenin saw it as a mere obligation to learn the basic aspects of reading and writing, Stalin saw education as essential in breeding a new generation of productive and capable workers and consequently provided free schooling for the first time time up to the age of 15. For exam ple, between 1929 and 1940, the number of children attending school rose from 12 to 35 million.Although, in retrospect, whilst there were grants, most parents of children in secondary education were still expected to pay and certainly could not ttend higher education without such a financial contribution, reducing overall change in terms of opportunity for children. This change is made more insignificant by the fact that ironically, whilst the Russian revolutionaries had poured scorn on the bourgeoisie governing elites that monopolised power previously, Stalin continued to produce an equivalent and did not change this hypocrisy.Party officials were allowed the right for their children to have the best training to give them access to higher education and were often given the best places, similar to the Tsarist elite, and going against Lenin. For example, in the period from 1928-1932, a third of all undergraduates were Party nominees. Essentially, Stalin did not change the existence o f a ruling class which allowed their children to dominate the education system. Lynch even argues that, â€Å"it enhanced Stalins power by creating a class of his creatures. In conclusion, essentially, Stalin did make extensive changes in social polices which effected the lives of countless women and children. Authority, discipline and effort were now championed in a drive to become a truly independent Socialist State. In terms of children and their education, Stalin, although he continued ith state intervention, undeniably made changes to allow compulsory education to all which made the literacy rate rise significantly from 51% in 1926 to 88% in 1940, allowing a new breed of educated workers to run the economy.However, Stalins changes to the lives of children are however inevitably undermined by the fact that he did nothing to prevent an intelligentsia forming once again which was allowed to dominate the nomenklatura. Not only was education still streamlined as it had been under L enin and even under Tsarism in the universities, but ordinary children were till prevented from top posts and were confined to be â€Å"cogs† in the industrialisation process.

Creating Activities Based on Learning Theories Essay

Behavioral teaching and learning tends to focus on skills that are acquired by an individual but are likely to be applied at a later stage in life. For instance, an individual may learn computational skills only to apply them when he gets a job. Behavioral theories support a number of approaches to teaching. All of them fall under the category of direct or teacher centered instruction. Operant conditioning on the other hand involves the reinforcement of behavior and mainly it is achieved either through reward or through punishment. The occurrence of a behavior determines whether it should be rewarded or it should be punished. To add to that, the kind of treatment administered after a behavior determines whether it will recur or not The following are some of the activities that are mostly observed in the case of behaviorism, to begin with, there are the tutorials; in this case the learner is informed about new ideas mainly through the lecturer. This mostly happen in classroom settings where the teacher gives the instructions on a particular aspect to be learned and the learner is expected to follow and understand what is being passed across. The second activity is games; this is where the learner takes part in games for instance football, races or other indoor activities that are mainly recreational and at the same time entertaining. The teacher on sets the platform to allow the learner explore the skills in various outdoor or indoor activities involving the full attention and participation of the learner. The other activity involves programmed instructions, integrated learning systems or even the graphically organized activities. In this case the learner will be required to use the ability to see in order to interpret the given information before learning is achieved. CONTRIBUTION OF GORDON SHAW IN EDUCATION Dr. Gordon is credited to have found the non profit educational institute called the MIND institute. This was introduced in the year 1998 as a result of a science research that he conducted at the University of California. Dr. Shaw had one vision of teaching all kids irrespective of their backgrounds. Through his institution, a lot of revolution was realized in the mathematics and music curriculum. His research had great impact in the curriculum offered in arts related subjects. Dr. Shaw argued that music is an element of learning that greatly helps to develop the brain and other mental faculties. Dr. Shaw further insisted that all children have a capacity to excel no matter what their present status are at the moment. He always encouraged the teachers to give al student opportunities to lean and achieve their full potential in the long run. He particularly identified students from disadvantaged backgrounds and pushed for them to be given chances of learning just like the other students. CLASSROOM IMPLICATION OF HIS WORK TO PARENTS AND EDUCATORS Dr. Shaw’s work made it possible for teachers to treat all children equally irrespective of their limitations. Teachers also rose to the occasion to protect the challenged students from the rowdy colleagues. Parents who are challenged either financially of socially were therefore able to educate their children with more ease because of Dr. Shaw’s policies. Parents were also warned against denying their children a chance to pursue education. Parents and teachers had easy time to assist their students because they were made to believe that any child can actually excel. Source Tomasi, M. (2006). Psychology of Education. NY: Oxford publishers.

English Language Skills for Academic Study Essay

English Language Skills for Academic Study - Essay Example Conversely, the possibility of all the income going to one person denoted as having a Gini coefficient of 1 (Minton, 2012).Global inequality is demonstrated through income gaps that have been witnessed between individuals, where the gap between the rich and the poor has drawn closer. Therefore, income inequality has a negative effect on economic growth. Intensive Global Inequality Apparently, income equality as an extra ordinary economic development is not based on the United States of America only. Other countries in the world such as Britain, Canada, China, India, and even Sweden have experienced an increase in the national economic share to around 1 % (Cleaver, 2013). Similarly, one of the world’s famous magazines, Forbes has argued that in the United States of America, there are around 421 billionaires, Russia has 96, China has 95 and India has 48. In addition, Santiso & Blommestein, 2007 argues that the world richest man is a Mexican who is worth approximately $ 69 Billio n, the largest building belongs to an Indian among other economic income disparities. In a general sense, the concentration of wealth has become part of a wider disparity in the in income distribution. This is arguably true because some parts and groups of people do not receive the share of resources. This leads to negative economic growth. Consequently, the income gap has continually varied in most countries in the world for the last three decades. For instance, the Gini coefficient in the United States of America has gone up to almost 30% from 1980 with coefficient ranging at 0.39. In China, the coefficient has increased by 50% reading at about 0.42. In the same way, Sweden has increased by around 25% read at 0.24 Gini coefficient (Jubis, 2013). However, in contrast to this, Latin America has been named as the world unequal continent since it has experienced a down ward trend demonstrated through the sharp decline of the Gini coefficient (Dicken, 2010). In light of such deliberati ons, it is correct to argue that the income gap leads to negative economic growth. This assertion is true because people with low income would not be in a position accomplishing all their needs. Income Inequality as the ‘Delay Factor’ to Recession Recovery It is argued that income inequality has become a barrier or a slowing factor towards the recovery of the great recession. A recent debate economic contraction has given a vivid picture on the level of income inequality in the economic development. In light of this, two liberalist economists have given their contribution toward this debate (Stevenson & Duch, 2008). According to Stigliz, the economic inequality is preventing the recovery of the global recession due to numerous reasons. To begin with, the liberal economist argues that the middle class is not capable of giving support to consumer spending, which has driven the growth of the economy for the longest period (Stevenson & Duch, 2008). For this reason, most peo ple in the United States of America cannot manage to pay education for themselves and their children. Moreover, Stigliz articulates that the enormous lack of income from the middle class has led to the lack of tax payments a situation that is associated with frequent and more severe cycles of income inequality (Jubis, 2013). It is apparent that with low income, some people would not be able to revive any economic activities within

An Account Plan to pitch the Kmarts product or services to targeted Term Paper

An Account Plan to pitch the Kmarts product or services to targeted clients, and to know how they use the company's service - Term Paper Example The researcher explores six steps to present the Kmart products and services. The first step is to approach the clients in a friendly manner, and introduce the customer to the product and services, and to present the legality of the products. The next step is to demonstrate the products quality and features. After demonstration, the next step is to find solutions acceptable for both the parties to use win-win negotiations strategy. The fifth step is to focus on closing the deal with the clients, using the new method of closing the deal. The last step is concerned with servicing the sales, by regular customer follow-ups. â€Å"Kmart, a wholly owned subsidiary of Sears Holdings Corporation, is a mass merchandising company that offers customers quality products through a portfolio of exclusive brands that include Jaclyn Smith, Joe Boxer, County Living, Route 66 and Smart Sense†. Most of the Kmart stores are single floor units that carry a wide range of products across many mercha ndise categories. It includes consumer electronics, outdoor living, food and consumables, seasonal merchandise, toys, lawn and garden equipment, and apparels, which includes products sold under renowned brands like Jaclyn Smith and Joe Boxer, and some monopolistic products of sears brand such as Kenmore, Craftsman, and Diehard. Kmart has a layaway program that helps the customers finance their purchases in a cost-effective manner. In addition, Kmart expanded their business in such a manner that the customers can receive their purchases, by applying online and collecting them from stores.... Kmart Super Centers started its operation at first with full-service grocery and general merchandise stores and later on with features like full-scale video rental center and a carryout Chinese menu. Now the current locations are featured by in-house bakeries, seafood and fresh meats, and a full set of delicatessen. Kmart Super Centers size varies from 140,000 to 190,000 sq. ft. The world's largest Kmart store is in Guam. a. What are some of the concerns that need to be addressed with the client? Being an Account Executive of Kmart, the first thing I would like to do is to introduce myself to the customers, and then inform them about the company. We are focusing mainly on the upper class and the upper middle class people. Then I will explain about the changes we have made within the company, the new range of products we are introducing, the various discount offers for the products, the changes that have been made by us in customer service and to solve customers’ complaints. b. Is there any legality that needs to be negotiated? Consumer satisfaction is the basic goal of our company. The customers can return and exchange their purchased items within 90 days of the original date of purchase along with an original receipt or email confirmation. â€Å"Refunds will not be given without a receipt /email confirmation. Price adjustments will be given on prior Kmart purchases within 7 days of purchase† (Kmart, 2012). C. What is the approach? At first, we welcome the customer with warm greetings, which is indeed a friendly approach. I ask them what I have to do for them. Up front, let the customer know that customer service is my top priority. Then we use merchandising approach to talk to the customer. Then we can explain about the product, its uses and

Privately Owned Critical Infrastructure Assignment

Privately Owned Critical Infrastructure - Assignment Example It is important to note that the type of hazards that different facilities are exposed to vary from one state or local jurisdiction to another. As such, it is important for a proper analysis to be carried out on the hazards that are particular to a given region to lay measures for the management of the various hazards. It is important to not only establish the kind of hazards that a facility is at risk of experiencing but also to determine the likelihood of occurrence of such hazards as compared to other possible hazards (Krausmann, Cozzani, Salzano, & Renni, 2011). In the assessment of the natural hazards that a chemical facility dealing with natural gases is likely to face, it is important to note the inherent risks. Incidents that involve chemical releases, fires, or explosions due to internal causes such as sabotage or accidents, or external causes including meteorological, hydrological, or geographical events, or terrorist attacks are likely to be faced (Krausmann, Cozzani, Salzano, & Renni, 2011). The two major gases manufactured by the facility include Arsenic pentafluoride and boron tribromide, which are highly toxic. These gases are stored in high quantities in insulated tanks. Given the location of the chemical facility, variations in the atmospheric stability and the wind speed form part of the meteorological conditions that may expose it to various hazardous accidents. Other natural disasters that the facility may be exposed to include earthquakes and floods. It is important to note that such natural hazards are of great concern due to their impact as some of them may initiate other events that may lead to even further damage. For instance, earthquakes result in other events such as ground failure, surface faulting, fires, landslides, and a release of hazardous materials such as the toxic gases into the environment may occur. One of the terrorist risks that the

Crafting a Compensation and Benefits Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crafting a Compensation and Benefits Plan - Essay Example Despite these internal factors, there are also those external factors that compel the manager to offer a particular salary range for employees. Some of these include the salary that is provided for the same position by other organizations that provide similar kinds of services. However, the ability to recruit and maintain employees lies on the ability to value and appreciate their efforts as opposed to issuing any monetary values. Comparable organizations in the same industry tend to offer varied salary and benefit ranges for the purposes of recruiting and retaining their employees for different reasons. In this case, the company that I created in a coffee shop that is renowned for the best service of beverages. This is mainly because both the provision of goods and services are given directly to the customers by the employees hence it is important to ensure that the best are recruited and the best efforts made to retain them for the sake of customer satisfaction. Those that may be involved as competitors and who are in the same industry include supermarkets and large retail chain stores as well as restaurants that may be involved in the sale of similar products at the same price. All of these tend to have the same structure in the composition of their staff and overall staffing with minor differences hence similar levels and need for recruitment and retention. Their salary and benefit ranges are as follows The 21st Century is varied from the other periods in terms of the abilities to recruit and maintain employees in terms of payment. What the current employees consider as benefits is completely different from what they considered to be so in the past. Monetary terms and payment played a large role in the recruitment and retention of employees in the past. It is, however, no longer the case as the current employees consider the value of the organization towards them more. What they consider as benefits of the company is the need to be engaged and involved