What Makes Tetrapods Different From Other Animals

Tetrapods are a group of vertebrates that includes amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Tetrapods include all living land vertebrates as well as some former land vertebrates that have since adopted an aquatic lifestyle (such as whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions, sea turtles, and sea snakes). One of the key characteristics of tetrapods is that they have four limbs or, if they lack four limbs, their ancestors had four limbs. Tetrapods Are Different Sizes Tetrapods vary greatly in size. The smallest living tetrapod is the Paedophyrine frog, which measures just 8 millimeters long. The largest living tetrapod is the blue whale, which can grow to lengths of up to 30 meters. Tetrapods occupy a wide variety of terrestrial habitats including forests, grasslands, deserts, scrublands, mountains, and polar regions. Although most tetrapods are terrestrial, there are numerous groups that have evolved to live in aquatic habitats. For example, whales, dolphins, seals, walrus, otters, sea snakes, sea turtles, frogs, and salamanders, are all examples of tetrapods that depend on aquatic habitats for some or all of their life cycle. Several groups of tetrapods have also adopted an arboreal or aerial lifestyle. Such groups include birds, bats, flying squirrels, and flying lemurs. Tetrapods First Appeared During the Devonian Period Tetrapods first appeared about 370 million years ago during the Devonian Period. Early tetrapods evolved from a group of vertebrates known as the tetrapodomorph fishes. These ancient fishes were a lineage of lobe-finned fishes whose paired, fleshy fins evolved into limbs with digits. Examples of tetrapodomorph fishes include Tiktaalik and Panderichthys. The tetrapods that arose from the tetrapodomorph fishes became the first vertebrates to leave the water and embark on a life on land. Some early tetrapods that have been described in the fossil record include Acanthostega, Ichthyostega, and Nectridea. Key Characteristics Four limbs (or descended from ancestors with four limbs)Various adaptations of the skeleton and muscles that enable proper support and movement  on landAdaptations to the cranial bones that allows the head to remain stable while the animal movesA layer of dead cells that reduces evaporation and water loss across the surface of the bodyWell-developed muscular tongueThe parathyroid gland that in part controls calcium levels in the bloodA gland that lubricates the eyes (Harderian gland)An olfactory organ (vomeronasal organ) that enables the detection of pheromones and plays a role in taste and smellAn absence of internal gills Classification Tetrapods are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Chordates Vertebrates Tetrapods Tetrapods are divided into the following taxonomic groups: Amphibians (Lissamphibia): There are about 5,000 species of amphibians alive today. Members of this group include frogs, toads, caecilians, newts, and salamanders. Amphibians begin their life cycle as aquatic larvae that go through a complex metamorphosis as they grow to adulthood.Amniotes (Aminota): There are about 25,000 species of amniotes alive today. Members of this group include birds, reptiles, and mammals. Amniotes reproduce using an egg  that is protected by a set of membranes that shelter it from the harsh conditions of a terrestrial environment. References Hickman C, Roberts L, Keen S. Animal Diversity. 6th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2012. 479 p.Hickman C, Roberts L, Keen S, Larson A, lAnson H, Eisenhour D. Integrated Principles of Zoology 14th ed. Boston MA: McGraw-Hill; 2006. 910 p.

What Is a Map Projection

It is impossible to accurately represent the spherical surface of the earth on a flat piece of paper. While a globe can represent the planet accurately, a globe large enough to display most features of the earth at a usable  scale  would be too large to be useful, so we use maps. Also, imagine peeling an orange and pressing the orange peel flat on a table—the peel would crack and break as it was flattened because it cant easily transform from a sphere to a plane. The same is true for the surface of the earth and thats why we use map projections. The term map projection can be thought of literally as a projection. If we were to place a light bulb inside a translucent globe and project the image onto a wall—wed have a map projection. However, instead of projecting a light, cartographers use mathematical formulas to create projections. Map Projection and Distortion Depending on the purpose of a map, the cartographer will attempt to eliminate distortion in one or several aspects of the map. Remember that not all aspects can be accurate so the map maker must choose which distortions are less important than the others. The mapmaker may also choose to allow a little distortion in all four of these aspects to produce the right type of map. Conformality: The shapes of places are accurateDistance: Measured distances are accurateArea/Equivalence: The areas represented on the map are proportional to their area on the earthDirection: Angles of direction are portrayed accurately Popular Cartographic Projections Gerardus Mercator invented his famous projection in 1569 as an aid to navigators. On his map, lines of latitude and longitude intersect at right angles and thus the direction of travel—the rhumb line—is consistent. The distortion of the Mercator Map increases as you move north and south from the equator. On Mercators map, Antarctica appears to be a huge continent that wraps around the earth and Greenland appears to be just as large as South America although Greenland is merely one-eighth the size of South America. Mercator never intended his map to be used for purposes other than navigation although it became one of the most popular world map projections. During the 20th century, the National Geographic Society, various atlases, and classroom wall cartographers switched to the rounded Robinson Projection. The Robinson Projection is a projection that purposely makes various aspects of the map slightly distorted to produce an attractive world map. Indeed, in 1989, seven North American professional geographic organizations (including the American Cartographic Association, National Council for Geographic Education, Association of American Geographers, and the National Geographic Society) adopted a resolution that called for a  ban  on all rectangular coordinate maps due to their distortion of the planet.

The Medical Office Specialist s Job Titles And...

Billing 1 Week 1 DB Judith Parker List, define, and discuss the medical office specialist’s job titles and responsibilities. The medical office specialist as defined by our text is qualified for a variety of entry level positions in allied healthcare. Theses positions include: Admitting clerk Patient information clerk Apprentice coder Insurance verification representative Medical biller Payment poster Medical collector Refund specialist Medical receptionist Patient information clerk Medical secretary Medical Records Technician Each of these titles represent duties that a medical office specialist might be asked to perform. The smaller the practice the more likely it is that the person in this position will be responsible for†¦show more content†¦Other responsibilities would include the proper handling of requests for medical records. The person taking on this duty would also be responsible for administrating the training and assuring compliance of everyone in the organization. Keeping up-to-date on federal and state privacy laws. Below is a list taken from the TOUCHSTONE COMPLIANCE website. †¢ Creating, posting, and distributing the Notice of Privacy Practices (NPP) Maintaining a record of each patient’s acknowledgment of receiving the NPP †¢ Meeting requests from patients for access to their health records †¢ Meeting requests from patients for corrections or changes to their health records †¢ Considering requests for additional protection for, or confidential communications of, particularly sensitive health information †¢ Providing information to patients or staff who have questions about HIPAA and their privacy protections †¢ Dealing with complaints from patients or staff about possible HIPAA violations †¢ Developing and implementing HIPAA training for the staff to foster awareness of information privacy †¢ Developing, implementing, and monitoring Business Associate Agreements to ensure that privacy concerns, responsibilities, and requirements are addressed †¢ Cooperating with HHS’s Office of Civil Rights (OCR) and other legal entities in any compliance reviews or

Segmentation and Tesco Essay Example For Students

Segmentation and Tesco Essay Segmentation and TESCO Case: Segmentation is essentially the identification of subsets of buyers within a market who share similar needs and who demonstrate similar buyer behavior Using segmentation analysis helped Tesco PLC, Britains largest retailer stores to decide on their future marketing strategy and to appraise their competitive strengths Tesco realized the requirements for effective segmentation and that it must be Measurable, accessible, Differentiable, Substantial and Actionable To measure the size, purchasing power and characteristics of each segment Tesco used Club card program, giving cardholders discounts in exchange for their name, address and other personal information and optional questions about the size of their household, the ages of their children and dietary preferences they used this data to gain customer feedback which allowed Tesco to do further study on consumer segmentation on their purchasing behavior resulting from their lifestyle this make The Differentiability is very essential for an effective segmentation so TESCO offered different Benefits to the same Club card program is depending on demo psychographic profile of each segment For the segmentation To be Sustainable TESCO target was homogeneous and large so it was always profitable enough to serve By analyzing the data that club card generates Tesco was able to group the customers into segments according to their similar needs and benefits those are examples of grouping the customers keyed to their buying profile in Tescos database TESCO concentrated on reaching the segment by all possible means as the Accessibility of segment is very essential in segmentation, and every program used was attractive and served the segment to make the segmentation actionable and here are examples of segmentation used by TESCO: -Using demographic data mixed by behavioral segmentation Tesco identified the segment of customers who buy diapers for the first time, and the analysis showed that new fathers tend to buy more beer bec ause they are home with the baby and cant go to the pub, they make segment positioning according to the needs and characteristics and make a mix strategy including product and promotion by sending coupons by mail for baby wipes, toys and beer -When some of Tesco customers were tempted by Asda they recognized that the attractiveness criteria of their competitor is Asdas law prices, they set precise market objective and singled out shoppers who buy the cheapest available item they identified 300 items that these price-sensitive shoppers bought regularly. One was Tesco Value Brand Margarine this segmentation is based on buying behavior. They make product price positioning strategy and lowered the price of the margarine, along with other products with similar profiles. As a result, shoppers didnt defect to ASDA -Using Behaviorist segmentation based on customers usage rate Tesco grouped higher-spending customers, the analysis showed that those customers werent buying wine, cheese and fruit from TESCO as a result Tesco developed Tesco Finest line that includes duck pate and cashmere sweaters, they also send to them discount coupons every three months on particular products -Analyzing the data they were able to divide the market into groups on bases of â€Å"Value added benefit† by segment they developed different marketing programs for different segments (rifle) to attract both affluent and bargain shoppers; their several private labels, ranging from the Tesco Finest to Tesco Value brand, which offers baked beans and the like. Tesco increased her customers buying readiness by introducing new products to them as an example a customer switched from powdered laundry detergent to liquid capsules after receiving a one- pound-off coupon in the mail from. -They analyzed data on 15 million Tesco shopping baskets every week to use a loyalty-card program. Each product is scored on 50 dimensions such as price and the size of the package. The computer looks for customers whose shopping baskets have similar combinations of scores. And identified each segment and classifies shoppers in six segments this segmentation is based on actual customer behavior toward products and Usage rate. The Finer Foods segment, for example, is made up of affluent, time-strapped shoppers who buy upscale products. Traditional shoppers are homemakers with time to buy ingredients and cook a meal. They used mix strategy including product and promotion by sending coupons and send coupon package to customers includes three coupons for products they regularly buy and three for goods that they might like, or that Tesco wants them to try so segmentation helped them in determining their advertising and selling strategy. Because they succeeded in there positioning s trategy Tesco percent of coupons redeeming (15% to 20%) exceeded the percent of all coupons ever get redeemed (1% to 2%) The package also includes vouchers through which Club card members can redeem their accumulated points. Due to the effectiveness of their strategy 95% of these vouchers are redeemed. Tesco use Psychographic segmentation to better understand customers When a customer mention using environment- friendly cleaning products and organic meat, their mail included coupons for new vegetables, cooking sauces, and nuts or seeds -Using behavioral segmentation Tesco grouped customers who buy Andrex toilet paper infused with aloe Vera, they identified this segment and determine the customer attitude towards product from their analysis they found they were also big buyers of skin-care this information was very useful to the product maker to determine their advertising and selling strategy, they sent a direct mail to 500,000 customers, offering them free beauty treatments if they could show that they bought the toile paper twice -Using Geographic segmentation mixed with demographic data Tesco realized that shoppers at a small store in the town of Slough werent buying full meals and that people in the town have South Asian or Arab roots, so the segmentation is based on buying behavior, region, religion and nationality this affect their decision making and strategy they started the World Foods line offering more than 800 foreign products, up from 150 in the previous store. It has a large halal butcher shop, the latest movies from India, newspapers in Arabic, Urdu, Punjabi and Bengali, and a jewelry counter with bangles in yellow 22-karat gold popular in India, Using demographic data mixed with usage rate to evaluate the success of world food line they found that more than a quarter of the World Foods customers were coming from largely white neighborhoods. .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84 , .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84 .postImageUrl , .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84 , .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84:hover , .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84:visited , .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84:active { border:0!important; } .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84:active , .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84 .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6bb73e065631b997856aeea74dea2e84:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Juvenile Delinquency EssayThey decided to open 300 stores of world food line in immigrants areas as well as 25 stores in mostly white parts of the country Failing to analyze the segment you are dealing with can lead to great losses. When Wal-Mart the main competitors to Tesco decided to open its stores oversees its Japanese unit suffered big losses as the Japanese related low price to low quality and in South Korea its 16 outlets were sold as they misread consumer preferences while TESCO Korean stores made great success. Tesco PLC used the segmentation in a very effective way to appraise its competitive strengths, maintain its market share with its marketing strategy.